FILONOV, Igor, KOURTCH, Leonid & VERYHA, Yauheni
Department Technology of Machine-Building, 65 Scaryna Ave. Minsk 220027 Belarus, Belarussian State Polytechnic Academy, http://www.bspa.unibel.by
Filonov.@infra.belpak.minsk.by; lkourtch@bspa.unibel.by; y_ver@usa.net.
Abstract: Teaching tool (info-system) construction on technological operations of machine parts processing is from the area of the information systems for the technology of the machine building. The important question in such a system construction is the collection and presentation of the information from different areas of science and technology in the multimedia format. The application of these information will be directed on the users from one area of the technology, i.e. for engineers-technologists of the machine-building profile. Main principles of the info-system development and software realization have been stated. The possibilities of the system offered to users by teaching tools have been given. Short description of methods used for the info-system organization and models of the information presentation have been formed.
Keywords: info-system, internet-technology, multimedia, teaching tool, technological process.
At present in the world there is a steady growth of demand for the new technical solutions in the field of the technology of the machine building and their quickest implementation in the production. The large volume of the patent and research information on machine parts processing has been accumulated. With the development of the production and increase of the requirements for the technological processes there appears more and more nontraditional methods of processing, based on using laser, plasmas, ultra-wave sound, electrical discharges, and etc. As a rule, their application in the machine-building is complicated, because in the base of these processes are physical phenomenon or nontraditional approaches already known in science, in other areas of the production, but which are out of glance of the specialists in the technology of machine building. This situation is often connected with the absence of the necessary knowledge about non-traditional for the technology of the machine-building physical effects (Physical encyclopedic dictionary, 1995).
The use of the traditional well-known technological processes in the production is often caused only by the presence of the sufficient information, specifying modes and conditions to the equipment and to the processes as a whole. The rest small-known methods of processing often are not taken into account even as alternative variants because of the impossibility of finding necessary information sufficient for understanding them and the possibility of its direct application.
Solution of the above-stated tasks requires operating with the large volume of information, that is difficult for the designer because of the width and the variety of the existing data. The creation of the concentrated structured information as a teaching tool with the sufficient volume for correct understanding and the possibility of easy operating with the presented data will allow technological personnel to develop optimum technological processes and equipment satisfying given requirements.
The goal of the system construction is the increasing of the design effectiveness of the technological processes in the machine-building by optimum choice of the method of processing under given conditions.
There is a scientific and practical interest in forming teaching tool (info-system) with multimedia elements of non-traditional manufacturing processes. The important question in such a system construction is the collection and the presentation of the information from different areas of science and technology in multimedia format (video-films, pictures, description, etc.) with the use of the Internet-technologies (Malushev U. et al, 1997). The application of this information will be directed on the users from one area of technology, i.e. for engineers-technologists of machine-building profile. The ground for compiling the database on the methods of the machine parts processing is the world patent and research information, processed by experts for using in the determined area the technology of the machine building.
The development of the teaching tool with multimedia elements about non-traditional manufacturing processes with concentrated information on patents and research literature from different areas of science and technology will allow to increase the knowledge level of the technological personnel, the speed of the application of the advanced methods in the production, the new technological process development.
Tasks to be solved by the info-system with the teaching tools:
In the process of the technological operations design it is required to choose possible technological operations for the given task which better than others correspond to the given conditions. For this purpose, it is necessary to have criterions of the quantitative evaluation.
Info-system construction on the technological operations of the machine parts processing is based on performing the following stages:
1. Forming the problem (task).
2. Searching for the solution.
3. Analysing variants of the solution.
4. Evaluation of variants (methods of processing).
Creation of the info-system with the teaching tools, its structure and composition are conditioned by the requirement of solving the problem with the maximum correspondence to the given conditions of their realization. With the engineering approach the requirements for technical solutions are more severe than with the inventive one, because it is necessary to take into account quantitative characteristics. It is necessary to give users variants of processing methods in abundance, since part of them will inevitably be excluded by the quantitative analysis and checking up with conditions of their realization. In connection with above-said, the most important task is the concentration of the information on the methods of processing, i.e. such a presentation of data and explanations on methods of processing, that clearly gives users understanding of the core of these methods, their main signs, conditions of using, requirements to their practical realization and etc. Practically, the whole work on selection, collection and presentation of information on methods of processing in the info-system is determined by developers, the correctness and the accuracy of this information also depends on the developers (Roth K. Bd.1, 1994), (Roth K. Bd.2, 1994), (Koller R., 1994).
To set the problem is to determine the basic, problematic situation, define the goal, restrictions and criterions of the solution choice. The restrictions indicate the conditions under which the achievement of the goal can be considered acceptable. Examples of restrictions can be the following: restrictions on the possible sizes of the expenses, quantitative characteristics of the solution, the prohibition on the change or the use of something.
The user should choose the criterions of the search, i.e. depending on the production situation and other factors (prime cost, energy-consumption, productivity and others).
The user has an opportunity to search methods of processing in the corresponding areas of physical effects, being in the basis of given groups of methods, in particular, searching for the methods of processing in the base of which are lasers, ultrasound, mechanical influence, electrical charges and etc.
The software of the info-system on the technological operations of machine parts processing is performed in the Windows 98 environment with the use of the following software: FrontPage, 3D Studio Max-2, AutoCAD 14, Access.
The database presents a collection of information processed by experts on the methods of machine parts processing. The goal of the expert processing of information is its concentration, i.e. structuring, the elimination of the redundancy or the addition of the basic information from patent or research literature to such a degree that it would be maximally easy to work with for users. This implies making technical descriptions which clearly describe main points of the methods of processing, the creation of the comprehensible graphic information and for some of the examples the creation of the animation (the films for the demonstration of the methods application). It is necessary to take into account that collection of information on the methods of processing will be produced from different areas of science and technology, that is why it is important to ensure its maximum intelligibility and correctness for operating this information by narrow specialists.
The following structure of expert system database records is offered and presented in table 1.
Table 1 Structure of expert system database records
|
Code |
Name |
Short description |
Full description |
Problem |
Advantages |
|
Info-code |
In addition to text information, it is foreseen to use explaining graphic information distinguishing main points of the given method - explaining drawings and the animation. For more detailed information it is necessary to apply to the reference literature, references to which are presented in the corresponding fields of the database - references. The field of code in the table 2 is the universal code distinguishing given record in the database. The info-code field (numeric code) is used for searching records in the database corresponding with user requests.
The important question when forming the database of methods of processing is the classification of methods in accordance with the physical effects used in them (physical phenomenon, chemical effects, geometric effects and etc.). It is reasonable to take into account the relationships of methods with effects. For this purpose, it is useful to make reference marks in corresponding field (refer to fields of base of methods) on effects being in the basis of given methods of processing. In accordance with this fact, the methods of processing can be grouped as it is shown in table 2.
Table 2 Classification of methods of processing by physical effects
|
Physical effect 1 (formula, input and output parameters, description and etc.) |
Method of processing 1 |
|
|
|
|
Method of processing N1 |
|
|
Physical effect N |
Method of processing 2 |
|
|
|
|
Method of processing N2 |
|
With such structuring of the methods of processing the essence of the methods can be revealed by the effects used in them. Such a categorization will allow to completely present all variety of methods of processing that exist at present.
On the base of the input data in the form of input in the module of task and info-code in the table of methods of processing in database, the search of the most corresponding methods of processing with the given user conditions is produced. At the output of the module of task the code of task, completely corresponding with the structure (amount of positions and variants of numeric values) to info-code from the table of methods of processing, is formed. Search in the expert system is based on finding the maximum correspondence between code of task and info-code with the possibility of cutting off requirements for full correspondence.
The next variant of the user choice can be in finding all the methods of processing which have one different position, two different positions and etc. in the info-code and the code of task.
In the info-system the user also has a possibility to search by keywords contained in one or in all fields of tables in the database. It is possible to produce the search of methods of processing in which one or group of physical effects is used.
The accumulation of the information on advantages and defects appearing along with the found in the info-system methods of processing will allow to correctly determine their usefulness in the current industrial aplication, for example, see Table 3.
Table 3 Evaluation of the tool and the applied heuristic principle
|
Tool |
||
|
Basic (Initial) |
||
|
|
||
|
New |
Advantages |
Heuristic principles |
|
Possibility of free movement of every deforming ball beyond the external diameter of the disks |
Possibility of the surface processing with the wave surface profile |
Go beyond the traditional space limitations |
|
|
||
The forms of the interface of the info-system are presented in Figures 1 4.
Figure 1 Effects library form of the pneumatic-vibration-dynamic processing
Figure 2 Method of the pneumatic-vibration-dynamic processing
Figure 3 Form of the centrifugal effect presentation
Figure 4 Form of the centrifugal effect description
Main principles used in the info-system database construction have been stated. The tasks solved by the teaching tools and the possibilities for the users have been presented. The information base of the considered info-system with teaching tools on the technological processes has been formulated.
The given info-models are oriented on the satisfaction of the broad spectrum of practical questions in the field of the technology of the machine-building.
The methods of the information processing, when compiling a database, are based on the physical phenomenons, regularities and give users with different qualifications the possibility to understand all the kinds of the technical decisions.
The software-technical facilities of the information system construction have been determined by the strategy of the information concentration.
Modern Internet-technologies have been used in the info-system construction, so that it can be used in the WWW for the distance learning centers.
1 Physical encyclopedic dictionary. Editor A. Prohorov. Moscow: Great russian encyclopedia, 1995. (in Russian)
2 Roth, Karlheinz. Konstruktions mit konstruktions katalogen. Bd.1: Konstruktionslehre. Berlin: Springer- Verlag, 1994, 440 s. (in German)
3 Roth, Karlheinz. Konstruktions mit konstruktions katalogen. Bd.2: Kataloge. Berlin: Springer- Verlag, 1994, 473 s. (in German)
4 Koller, Rudolf. Konstructionslehre fur den Maschinenbau: Grundlagen zur Neu- und Weiterentwicklung technischer Produkte mit Beispielen. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1994, 580 s. (in German)
5 Malushev U., Negurina M., Shatrovsky V. Technology of the courses presentation for the distance learning in the WWW. Moscow: Information technology, 1997, Num. 6. (in Russian)
